The original field in which the concept of vulnerability emerged was the social sciences, from the 1970s onwards. ![]() The aim here is to trace a summary historical cartography of the theorical contexts in which the main threads of this concept has been built. ![]() Vulnerability is the site of both passivity and activity it is the site of both precarious conditions and the capacity to recognize, oppose, resist and transform those conditions through concerted action. Thus currently vulnerability has a very wide range of different and even contradictory meanings, related to ideas such as exposure, dependence, frailty, humiliation, passivity, alienation and isolation, but also resistance, resilience, interdependency and empowerment. This basic meaning shows the traditional social concept of vulnerability, but due to the 21st-century philosophical development of the concept, new ontological, anthropological and political perspectives have emerged giving the term a positive connotation it did not previously have in common usage, the social sciences, or the social imaginary at the close of the 20th century. In its broadest sense, vulnerability refers to exposure to situations putting the existence of someone or something at risk, and the difficulties that this subject/object has in dealing with these situations. At the same time, the term vulnerability has become ubiquitous for the first time, particularly with the acceleration of the so-called “turn to vulnerability” stemming from the pandemic. ![]() In recent years the paradigm of vulnerability has become the leading contemporary framework within which to rethink violence, whether structural or contingent, and the human condition.
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